Rabbi David Etengoff
 
Dedicated to the sacred memories of my mother, Miriam Tovah bat Aharon Hakohen, father-in-law, Levi ben Yitzhak, sister-in-law, Ruchama Rivka Sondra bat Yechiel, sister, Shulamit bat Menachem, Yehonatan Binyamin ben Mordechai Meir Halevi, Shoshana Elka bat Avraham, Tikvah bat Rivka Perel, the Kedoshim of Har Nof and Pittsburgh, and the refuah shlaimah of Yakir Ephraim ben Rachel Devorah, Mordechai ben Miriam Tovah, and the safety of our brothers and sisters in Israel and around the world.
 
The Tanach contains a number of instances when Hashem or his malach (angel) calls to individuals and repeats their name within the same verse. For example, immediately prior to the Almighty’s command to Avraham to cease offering Yitzhak upon the altar (Akeidat Yitzhak), we find: “And an angel of G-d called to him from heaven and said, ‘Abraham! Abraham!’ And he said, ‘Here I am.’” (Sefer Bereishit 22:11, this and all Tanach and Rashi translations, The Judaica Press Complete Tanach)   In his Commentary on the Torah, Rashi (1040-1105), basing himself upon Tosefta Berachot I and Sifra Vayikra I, explains that this and, by extension, other cases wherein a name is reiterated, reflect Hashem’s love for the person that is so called.
 
In contrast, our parasha contains a pasuk (verse) that is outside the general rubric of name repetition: “And it came to pass when Moses descended from Mount Sinai, and the two tablets of the testimony were in Moses’ hand when he descended from the mountain, and Moses did not know that the skin of his face had become radiant while He had spoken with him.” (Sefer Shemot 34:29)  This is by no means your classic case wherein Hashem summons people by repeating their names, since our verse is narrative and not dialogical in nature. In addition, this is the only verse in the five books of the Torah of which I am aware wherein a name is found three times. Taken in tandem, this suggests that Moshe’s name is not repeated because of Hashem’s love for him, but, rather, for some other significant reason.
 
In his Commentary on the Torah, the great Spanish exegete, Rabbi Don Yitzhak Abarbanel (1437-1508), addresses the issue of the three-fold repetition of Moshe’s name within our pasuk, and suggests two complementary reasons for this unusual formulation. Both of these focus upon the spiritual-physical change that Moshe underwent, as depicted in the conclusion of our verse, “and Moses did not know that the skin of his face had become radiant while He had spoken with him.” The Abarbanel notes that under normal conditions, one would have thought that Moshe’s transformation would have rendered him unrecognizable by the Jewish people. This, however, was not what emerged:

One ought not to think that as a result of the emanation of the brilliant Divine light the Jewish people were no longer able to recognize Moshe’s face. [Although] this lack of recognition takes place regarding an individual when their friend’s face changes because of a variety of reasons, this was most assuredly not the case regarding Moshe. Instead, the Jewish people perceived Moshe’s face as they always had done, and recognized that this was, indeed his face ─ even with the brilliant Divine light coming forth from him. (This and the following translation my own)
 
In my estimation, it was crucial for our ancestors to continue to identify Moshe’s face, as this would eliminate the dire possibility of their once again proclaiming, “Come on! Make us gods that will go before us, because this man Moses, who brought us up from the land of Egypt we don't know what has become of him” ─ as they had a mere two chapters earlier at the outset of the incident of the Eigel Hazahav (Golden Calf, Sefer Shemot 32:1).  As such, in the mind of our forebears, Moshe remained the Moshe they had always known, and his, and their, continuity remained intact.
 
As we have seen, the Abarbanel’s first reason for the three times we find Moshe’s name in our pasuk reflects our ancestors ongoing ability to recognize that “Moshe was Moshe.” His second reason, once again focuses upon the brilliant Divine light that emanated from Moshe’s countenance, and teaches us about the singular nature of his prophetic experiences, and his unique manner of receiving Hashem’s Word:

And the second matter that is made known to us regarding Moshe, and the [mystical] activity of the Divine light emanating from his face, is that he neither sequestered nor removed himself from his four senses ─ unlike the actions of all the other prophets at the time of their prophetic experiences. We know this to be the case, since he, himself, after receiving the Word from Hashem, returned his own veil to his face. This demonstrates that he never ceased to be aware of his senses, and that [during his prophetic communications] he was totally awake in the same exact fashion as he had been prior to receiving his prophecy.
 
Given the Abarbanel’s trenchant analysis, we are now in an ideal position to briefly explore the exceptional elements of Moshe’s prophetic engagements. We are fortunate that the Rambam (Maimonides, 1135-1204) addressed precisely this topic in his classic work, Perush HaMishnah:

• Unlike all other prophets, Moshe spoke to Hashem in a direct manner, i.e. without any intermediary.
• In contrast to all other prophets, Moshe communicated with the Almighty during the day and when he was completely conscious.
• All other prophets felt anguish, trembled, shuddered and became weak due to their meeting with Hashem. Moshe, however, remained fully in control of his physical and psychological powers throughout his prophetic engagements with Hashem.
• All prophets, with the exception of Moshe, received their visions whenever the Almighty appeared to them – and without their control. Moshe, however, spoke to Hashem whenever he so chose. (Synopsis based upon, Perush HaMishnah, Sanhedrin, Introduction to Perek Chalek, Rav Kapach edition)

The Rambam describes the spiritual intimacy that obtained between Moshe and Hashem.  The portrait that emerges is that of a unique individual who enjoyed unparalleled access to the Almighty due to his exceptional spiritual gifts.
 
Moshe and his prophetic encounters were unique in the annals of Jewish history. As the Torah teaches us, “And there was no other prophet who arose in Israel like Moses, whom the L-rd knew face to face” (Sefer Devarim 34:10, underlining my own)  While none of us are capable of achieving his exalted level, each of us can do our utmost to reach out to Hashem, and establish a meaningful connection with Him. With the Holy One’s chesed and rachamim (kindness and mercy) may this be so. V’chane yihi ratzon.
 
Shabbat Shalom
 
Past drashot may be found at my blog-website: http://reparashathashavuah.org
 
They may also be found on http://www.yutorah.org/ using the search criteria of Etengoff and the parasha’s name.
 
The email list, b’chasdei Hashem, has expanded to hundreds of people. I am always happy to add more members to the list. If you have family or friends you would like to have added, please do not hesitate to contact me via email mailto:rdbe718@gmail.com.
 
*** My audio shiurim for Women on the topics of Tefilah and Tanach may be found at: http://tinyurl.com/8hsdpyd
 
*** I have posted 164 of Rabbi Soloveitchik’s English language audio shiurim (MP3 format) spanning the years 1958-1984. Please click on the highlighted link.

​
 
Rabbi David Etengoff
 
Dedicated to the sacred memories of my mother, Miriam Tovah bat Aharon Hakohen, father-in-law, Levi ben Yitzhak, sister-in-law, Ruchama Rivka Sondra bat Yechiel, sister, Shulamit bat Menachem, Yehonatan Binyamin ben Mordechai Meir Halevi, Shoshana Elka bat Avraham, the Kedoshim of Har Nof and Pittsburgh, and the refuah shlaimah of Yakir Ephraim ben Rachel Devorah, Mordechai ben Miriam Tovah, and the safety of our brothers and sisters in Israel and around the world.
 
Our parasha focuses upon the mitzvah of constructing the Mishkan (Portable Desert Sanctuary). The pasuk (verse) that conveys this commandment is found early on in our Torah reading: “And they shall make Me a sanctuary (Mikdash) and I will dwell in their midst.” (Sefer Shemot 25:8, this and all Bible translations, The Judaica Press Complete Tanach)  The Rambam (Maimonides, 1135-1204) formulates this mitzvah in the following manner:

The 20th mitzvah that we are commanded is to build a House of Avodah (the Temple Service). In it we offer sacrifices, burn the eternal flame, offer our prayers, and congregate for the festivals each year...The source of this mitzvah is G-d’s statement (exalted be He), “And they shall make Me a sanctuary.” (Sefer HaMitzvot, translation, Rabbi Berel Bell)
 
As the Mechilta d’Rabbi Yishmael on our pasuk notes, however, the very act of constructing a Mikdash for Hashem is quite problematic:

And they shall make Me a sanctuary and I will dwell in their midst;” why was this ever stated? After all, was it not already said, (Sefer Yirmiyahu 23:24) ‘Behold I fill the heavens and the earth?’ [And, therefore, how can any dwelling contain Hashem?] (Translation and brackets my own)
 
This question is echoed, as well, in Yeshayahu’s well-known declaration: “So says the L-rd, ‘the heavens are My throne, and the earth is My footstool; which is the house that you will build for Me, and which is the place of My rest?’” (Sefer Yeshayahu 66:1)  Rashi underscores the intent of the prophet’s proclamation in his Commentary on Sefer Yeshayahu: “The heavens are my throne” ─ [Therefore,] I do not need your Temple; “which is the house that you will build for Me” ─ that is fitting for My Schechinah (Divine Presence)?”

We now have a true conundrum: If there is seemingly no need for a Mikdash, why did the Torah command us to build one, and why do we pray three times a day following the conclusion of the Shemoneh Esrai, “May it be Your will, Hashem, our G-d, and the G-d of our forefathers, that the Holy Temple be rebuilt, speedily in our days?” (Translation, The Complete Artscroll Siddur)  My rebbe and mentor, Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik zatzal (1903-1993), known as “the Rav” by his students and followers, addresses our question in his analysis of the underlying rationale for the construction of the Mikdash. He notes that “G-d created the world to reside in it, rather than reside in transcendence.” (This and the following quotations, Chumash Mesoras HaRav, Sefer Shemot, page 226)  According to the Rav, this was precisely the extraordinary environment in which Adam and Chava initially lived:

Man could have continually experienced Him instead of trying to infer His Presence through examining nature. But in the wake of the original sin by Adam and Eve, He retreated. “And they heard the voice of the L-rd G-d going in the garden to the direction of the sun, and the man and his wife hid from before the L-rd G-d in the midst of the trees of the garden.” (Sefer Bereishit 3:8)
 
Tragically, as a result of Adam and Chava having eaten from the Pri Etz HaDa’at (Tree of Knowledge), Hashem withdrew into otherworldliness, and, as the Rav explains, humanity’s ability to continually experience Him abruptly ceased:
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These “footsteps” were those of G-d leaving the garden and departing into infinity. Had they not sinned, G-d would always have been close. As a result of Adam’s hiding and fear of communicating with G-d in the wake of his sin, G-d removed His Divine Presence.
 
In sum, as a result of Adam’s sin and  abject fear of further direct communication with Hashem, the Almighty removed His immanence (the Schechinah) and left mankind’s deep-rooted need for a dynamic connection to the Almighty unmet. Little wonder, then, that the Rav teaches us that the ultimate “…purpose of the tabernacle was to restore the relationship between man and G-d,” in order that His Schechinah could reside amongst us.
 
With Hashem’s help, may we strive to live lives wherein we continually seek the Almighty and search for his Holy Presence. Moreover, “May it be Your will, Hashem, our G-d, and the G-d of our forefathers, that the Holy Temple be rebuilt, speedily in our days” in order that our relationship will be complete once again. V’chane yihi ratzon.
 
Shabbat Shalom
 
Past drashot may be found at my blog-website: http://reparashathashavuah.org
 
They may also be found on http://www.yutorah.org/ using the search criteria of Etengoff and the parasha’s name.
 
The email list, b’chasdei Hashem, has expanded to hundreds of people. I am always happy to add more members to the list. If you have family or friends you would like to have added, please do not hesitate to contact me via email mailto:rdbe718@gmail.com.
 
*** My audio shiurim for Women on the topics of Tefilah and Tanach may be found at: http://tinyurl.com/8hsdpyd
 
*** I have posted 164 of Rabbi Soloveitchik’s English language audio shiurim (MP3 format) spanning the years 1958-1984. Please click on the highlighted link.

Rabbi David Etengoff
 
Dedicated to the sacred memories of my mother, Miriam Tovah bat Aharon Hakohen, father-in-law, Levi ben Yitzhak, sister-in-law, Ruchama Rivka Sondra bat Yechiel, sister, Shulamit bat Menachem, Yehonatan Binyamin ben Mordechai Meir Halevi, Shoshana Elka bat Avraham, the Kedoshim of Har Nof and Pittsburgh, and the refuah shlaimah of Yakir Ephraim ben Rachel Devorah, Mordechai ben Miriam Tovah, and the safety of our brothers and sisters in Israel and around the world.
 
Our parasha contains the ethically-infused mitzvah, “mi’devar sheker tirchak” (“Distance yourself from a false matter,” Sefer Shemot 23:7, all Bible translations, The Judaica Press Complete Tanach). In his Torah commentary HaKatav Ve’Kabbalah, Rabbi Yaakov Tzvi Mecklenburg (1785-1865) raises a fundamental question regarding the phraseology of this commandment: “Why does the Torah use this indirect terminology, rather than the standard formulation, ‘lo tedabar sheker (do not tell a lie)?’” I believe his answer informs our understanding of this Divine directive until the present moment:

The reason the Torah changes the text of this commandment and does not say, ‘lo tedabar sheker,’ is quite clear. For in truth, there is no more commonly found violation of Torah law than telling a lie. This is illustrated in [Talmud Bavli, Sanhedrin 97a] chapter Chalek, wherein it states: ‘At first I thought there was no truth in this world.’ Rashi explains that this means, ‘There is no person who always speaks the truth.’ Therefore, the Torah uses the [highly unusual “distance yourself from a false matter”] formulation in order to create an even greater gap between ourselves and this violation. This is similar in kind to the often-cited Rabbinic expression, “Distance yourself from that which is reprehensible and from that which is similar in kind.” (Parashat Mishpatim 23:7, translation and brackets my own)
 
The Maharal of Prague (Rabbi Judah ben Bezalel Loewe, 1520-1609) underscores the importance of the Talmudic phrase cited by Rav Mecklenburg, “At first I thought there was no truth in this world.” He suggests that its primary purpose is to stress the value of emet (truth):
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One must know that the essence of this expression is to make known the great value of emet, for everything that follows the truth is fitting to be permanent in nature. As our Sages taught us, “The truth remains, whereas a lie will not endure.” (Talmud Bavli, Shabbat 104a)  This is the case, since truth is fitting for existence, and falsehood is destined for destruction. (Chidushei Aggadot, Talmud Bavli, Sanhedrin 104a, translation my own)   
 
In the Maharal’s estimation, emet is one of the constitutive elements of existence itself, for only that which is built upon truth will continue to endure. Little wonder, then, that the prophet Zechariah adjured our nation: “Speak the truth each one with his neighbor; truth, and judgment of peace you shall judge in your cities.” (8:16)  Perhaps most important of all, when we seek to live lives that embody emet, we are emulating the Almighty Himself. As the prophet Yirmiyahu proclaimed: “…the L-rd G-d is emet (true)…” (10:10)  The Talmudic sage, Rabbi Avun interprets Yirmiyahu’s use of the term, “emet,” in the following manner: “For He is the [eternally] living G-d and the King for all time.” (Talmud Yerushalmi, Vilna, Berachot 1:5)  Rabbi Chanina further explicates the relationship that obtains between Hashem and emet when he teaches us, “The seal of the Holy One, blessed be He, is emet.” (Talmud Bavli, Shabbat 55a)  In other words, emet is one of the markers of Hashem’s presence in the world, and, therefore, the standard by we should judge our daily actions.
 
May the time come soon and, in our days, when the entire world will live in truth and recognize the one true Master of the Universe. V’chane yihi ratzon.
 
Shabbat Shalom
 
Past drashot may be found at my blog-website: http://reparashathashavuah.org
 
They may also be found on http://www.yutorah.org/ using the search criteria of Etengoff and the parasha’s name.
 
The email list, b’chasdei Hashem, has expanded to hundreds of people. I am always happy to add more members to the list. If you have family or friends you would like to have added, please do not hesitate to contact me via email mailto:rdbe718@gmail.com.
 
*** My audio shiurim for Women on the topics of Tefilah and Tanach may be found at: http://tinyurl.com/8hsdpyd
 
*** I have posted 164 of Rabbi Soloveitchik’s English language audio shiurim (MP3 format) spanning the years 1958-1984. Please click on the highlighted link.

​
Rabbi David Etengoff
 
Dedicated to the sacred memories of my mother, Miriam Tovah bat Aharon Hakohen, father-in-law, Levi ben Yitzhak, sister-in-law, Ruchama Rivka Sondra bat Yechiel, sister, Shulamit bat Menachem, Yehonatan Binyamin ben Mordechai Meir Halevi, Shoshana Elka bat Avraham, the Kedoshim of Har Nof and Pittsburgh, and the refuah shlaimah of Yakir Ephraim ben Rachel Devorah, Mordechai ben Miriam Tovah, and the safety of our brothers and sisters in Israel and around the world.
 
The first pasuk of our parasha states, “Now Moses’ father-in-law, Jethro, the chieftain of Midian, heard all that G-d had done for Moses and for Israel His people…” Our Sages’ approach to this pasuk focuses primarily on the content of what Yitro heard, which is left unstated in the verse. Rashi’s (1040-1105) celebrated comment is representative of this school of thought: “What news did he hear that [made such an impression that] he came [to the Sinai Desert to meet with Moses]? The splitting of the Red Sea and the war with Amalek.” (Commentary on the Torah, Sefer Shemot 18:1, this and all Bible and Rashi translations, The Judaica Press Complete Tanach)  This interpretation responds to a major gap in our narrative, namely, what motivated Yitro, the leader of Midian, to uproot his entire family and bring them to meet his son-in-law, Moshe, in the howling wasteland of the Sinai Desert? Little wonder, then, that it was embraced by the vast majority of meforshim (Torah commentators).
 
The near-universal acceptance of Rashi’s explanation, however, tends to obscure a second exegetical challenge found in our pasuk: “Why does the Torah mention Moshe separately from the Jewish people?” In other words, why does the Torah state, “Jethro…heard all that G-d had done for Moses and for Israel His people,” instead of “Jethro…heard all that G-d had done for Israel His people?” Is it not the case that Moshe, by definition, is included in the expression, “the Jewish people?”

One of the meforshim who directly addresses our question is Rabbi Kalonymus Kalman Halevi Epstein (1753-1823), known as the Me’or Va’Shemesh after the name of his commentary on the Torah. He posits the existence of two types of passionately observant Torah personalities: the tzadik m’ikaro ─ one who is righteous from youth, and the ba’al teshuvah ─ one who returns to the path of Torah and mitzvot after having encountered a variety of trials and tribulations:

[The tzaddikim m’ikaro] are individuals who serve the Holy One blessed be He in the early days of their youth, and accept the yoke of the Torah upon themselves from that time onwards. They do this because of their love for the Holy One blessed be He, based upon His greatness and His exalted status, may His Name be blessed. (Sefer Me’or Va’Shemesh, Introduction to Parashat Yitro, all translations and brackets my own)
 
And there are those [who become ba’alei teshuvah] who, in their formative years, follow the freewheeling desires of their heart, yet, when they encounter a variety of situations wherein they suffer ─ then they bestir themselves, search and discover [the folly of their ways,] and repent from their [inappropriate] youthful behaviors. Moreover, they reject their negative deeds and [begin] to follow the ways of the Torah and the service [of the Almighty].
 
According to the Me’or Va’Shemesh, Moshe epitomizes the tzadik m’ikaro, whereas the Jews who were enslaved by Pharaoh exemplify ba’alei teshuvah. In his estimation, Moshe, at the youngest possible age, “rejected physical desires and all yearnings for the temporary goods of this world, and acted as if he was ‘a stranger in a strange land.’” Instead, of following the prevailing immoral behaviors of his time, Moshe dedicated himself to the pursuit of kedushah (holiness) and developing his relationship with the Almighty. In stark contrast, the Jewish people fell to the 49th level of tumah (spiritual impurity) as a result of their “assimilation into the non-Jewish culture and emulation of the [Egyptians’ behavior].”
 
The Me’or Va’Shemesh notes that these dissimilar actions and orientations eventuated in two very different outcomes: “[Moshe] merited Hashem’s, may He be blessed, revelation unto to him, the Almighty’s direct communication with him (peh el peh), and [the ability to act as Hashem’s agent in order to perform] all of the wonders and miracles in Egypt and upon the Sea of Reeds.” Based upon our ancestors’ negative trajectory in Egypt, however, their path took a decidedly different course. As a result of the slavery experience, the Me’or Va’Shemesh explains:
​
…[The Jews] became awakened spiritually and returned in complete teshuvah [to the Creator]. As it is written: “Now it came to pass in those many days that the king of Egypt died, and the children of Israel sighed from the labor, and they cried out, and their cry [of prayer] ascended to G-d from the labor.” (Sefer Shemot 2:23, brackets my own)  Then, [following their teshuvah shlaimah,] the Holy One blessed be He, because of His overwhelming mercy and kindness, took them out from under the burdens of Egypt.
 
Based upon the trenchant analysis of the holy Me’or Va’Shemesh, we can now answer our question, “Why does the Torah state, ‘Jethro…heard all that G-d had done for Moses and for Israel His people,’ instead of, ‘Jethro…heard all that G-d had done for Israel His people?’” Quite simply, while Moshe was a passionately proud member of the Jewish people, he is mentioned separately from his beloved nation in recognition of the unique spiritual heights he achieved, and the unequaled relationship he shared with Hashem. This interpretation is reminiscent of the verse in Yigdal sung in most Ashkenazi synagogues every Shabbat evening: “No one amongst the Jewish people has ever risen [to the ultimate spiritual heights] like Moshe — the sole prophet who had the ability to gaze upon the vision of the Almighty.” This, perhaps, is the rationale for the prophet Malachi’s famous declaration: “Remember the teaching of Moses, My servant, the laws and ordinances which I commanded him in Horeb for all Israel.” (Sefer Malachi 3:22)  May Moshe ever serve as our model as we strive for all that is good and holy. V’chane yihi ratzon.
 
Shabbat Shalom
 
Past drashot may be found at my blog-website: http://reparashathashavuah.org
 
They may also be found on http://www.yutorah.org/ using the search criteria of Etengoff and the parasha’s name.
 
The email list, b’chasdei Hashem, has expanded to hundreds of people. I am always happy to add more members to the list. If you have family or friends you would like to have added, please do not hesitate to contact me via email mailto:rdbe718@gmail.com.
 
*** My audio shiurim for Women on the topics of Tefilah and Tanach may be found at: http://tinyurl.com/8hsdpyd
 
*** I have posted 164 of Rabbi Soloveitchik’s English language audio shiurim (MP3 format) spanning the years 1958-1984. Please click on the highlighted link.

Rabbi David Etengoff

Dedicated to the sacred memories of my mother, Miriam Tovah bat Aharon Hakohen, father-in-law, Levi ben Yitzhak, sister-in-law, Ruchama Rivka Sondra bat Yechiel, sister, Shulamit bat Menachem, Yehonatan Binyamin ben Mordechai Meir Halevi, Shoshana Elka bat Avraham, the Kedoshim of Har Nof and Pittsburgh, and the refuah shlaimah of Yakir Ephraim ben Rachel Devorah, Mordechai ben Miriam Tovah, and the safety of our brothers and sisters in Israel and around the world.

The concluding section of our parasha contains the account of our ancestors’ mortal combat with Amalek, the marauding desert tribe that sought to destroy us after our departure from Egypt. The narrative begins with a pasuk that reverberates until our own historical moment: “Amalek came and fought with Israel in Rephidim.” (Sefer Shemot 17:8, this and all Bible translations, The Judaica Press Complete Tanach). Moshe immediately recognized the gravity of the situation, and quickly responded to this existential threat against our fledgling nation: 

So, Moses said to Joshua, “Pick men for us, and go out and fight against Amalek. Tomorrow I will stand on top of the hill with the staff of G-d in my hand;” Joshua did as Moses had told him, to fight against Amalek; and Moses, Aaron, and Hur ascended to the top of the hill. (17:9-10)

Moshe’s reaction is swift and immediately understandable. The next verse, however, is quite difficult to comprehend: “It came to pass that when Moses would raise his hand, Israel would prevail, and when he would lay down his hand, Amalek would prevail.” The question is clear, “Why would Moshe raising or lowering his hand have anything to do with our people’s success or failure in their battle against Amalek?” Not too surprisingly, parallel versions of this question have been asked by Chazal (our Sages of blessed memory) in both the Mechilta d’Rabbi Yishmael and Mishnah Rosh Hashanah III:8. The answer given by the Mechilta is particularly pertinent to our discussion:

And is it possible that Moshe’s hands could make the Jewish people victorious, or could they destroy (literally, “break”) Amalek? Rather [this is what the raising of Moshe’s hands actually means]: Whenever Moshe would raise them toward Heaven, the Jewish people would look upon him, and believe (u’ma’aminim) in the One who designated Moshe to act in this manner. For at those times, the Holy One blessed be He would perform miracles and mighty deeds for them. (Mechilta d’Rabbi Yishmael, Mesechta d’Amalek I, s.v. v’hayah ka’asher, translation and brackets my own)

In my estimation, the Mechilta is teaching us that Moshe’s hands pointing heavenward were heuristic devices to teach our ancestors to believe in Hashem and understand, “Not by military force and not by physical strength, but by My spirit, says the L-rd of Hosts.” (Sefer Zechariah 4:6) After all, there appeared to be no way an untrained and inexperienced band of Jewish guerrilla fighters could possibly win a pitched battle against Amalek’s impeccably skilled soldiers ─ whose stock-in-trade was murder and mayhem. Yet, when they looked toward Shamayim and focused upon the immanent presence of the Almighty in their lives, they won! Moshe passionately wanted the Jewish people to realize that there is one place, and one place only, from which authentic salvation will come. As Dovid HaMelech proclaimed: 

I shall raise my eyes to the mountains, from where will my help come? My help is from the L-rd, the Maker of heaven and earth. He will not allow your foot to falter; Your Guardian will not slumber. Behold the Guardian of Israel will neither slumber nor sleep. The L-rd is your Guardian; the L-rd is your shadow; [He is] by your right hand. (Sefer Tehillim 121:1-6)

Although, thank G-d, the actual tribe of Amalek no longer exists, its successors continue to infect humanity with their vitriolic hatred. This idea was given powerful voice by my rebbe and mentor, Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik zatzal, in his synopsis of the dark forces that continue to drive the Amalek way of life: 

At a Mizrachi convention I cited the view expressed by my father [Rav Moshe Soloveitchik zatzal] and master of blessed memory, that the proclamation, “The L-rd will have war with Amalek from generation to generation” (Exodus 17:16) does not only translate into the communal exercise of waging obligatory war against a specific race but includes as well the obligation to rise up as a community against any people or group that, filled with maniacal hatred, directs its enmity against Kenneset Israel [the Jewish people]. 

When a people emblazons on its banner, “Come, and let us cut them off from being a nation: that the name of Israel may be no more in remembrance” (Psalms 83:5) it becomes, thereby, Amalek. In the 1930's and 1940's the Nazis, with Hitler at their head, filled this role. They were the Amalekites, the standard-bearers of insane hatred and enmity during the era just past. (“Kol Dodi Dofek,” pages 65-66 from the English translation entitled Fate and Destiny, underlining my own)

We must never forget that anti-Semitism, and the denial of the existence of Hashem, are the principles — by which and for which — Amalek lives. Moreover, Amalek has one undeniable goal: to destroy each and every one of the Jewish people so that G-d’s name, chas v’shalom (G-d forbid), would be obliterated from the world. Therefore, we must ever be vigilant, and stand shoulder to shoulder to ensure the physical and spiritual safety of our fellow Jews, wherever they may be. Perhaps, then, no truer expression was ever spoken by Chazal than kol Yisrael arevim zeh l’zeh (all of the Jewish people are responsible for one another). May the time come soon when these words will serve as a beacon of light as we join together and witness the fulfillment of Dovid HaMelech’s stirring words: “This was from the L-rd; it is wondrous in our eyes.” (Sefer Tehillim 118:23)  V’chane yihi ratzon.

Shabbat Shalom

Past drashot may be found at my blog-website: http://reparashathashavuah.org 

They may also be found on http://www.yutorah.org/ using the search criteria of Etengoff and the parasha’s name.

The email list, b’chasdei Hashem, has expanded to hundreds of people. I am always happy to add more members to the list. If you have family or friends you would like to have added, please do not hesitate to contact me via email mailto:rdbe718@gmail.com.

*** My audio shiurim for Women on the topics of Tefilah and Tanach may be found at: http://tinyurl.com/8hsdpyd

*** I have posted 164 of Rabbi Soloveitchik’s English language audio shiurim (MP3 format) spanning the years 1958-1984. Please click on the highlighted link.

Rabbi David Etengoff
 
Dedicated to the sacred memories of my mother, Miriam Tovah bat Aharon Hakohen, father-in-law, Levi ben Yitzhak, sister-in-law, Ruchama Rivka Sondra bat Yechiel, sister, Shulamit bat Menachem, Yehonatan Binyamin ben Mordechai Meir Halevi, Shoshana Elka bat Avraham, the Kedoshim of Har Nof and Pittsburgh, and the refuah shlaimah of Yakir Ephraim ben Rachel Devorah, Mordechai ben Miriam Tovah, and the safety of our brothers and sisters in Israel and around the world.
 
“On that day, you must tell your child, ‘It is because of this that G-d acted for me when I left Egypt.’” (Sefer Shemot 13:8, translation, Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan zatzal)  This is one of the best known pasukim of both our parasha and the Passover Haggadah, and is used by Talmud Bavli, Pesachim 116b as the source text for the well-known concept: “In each and every generation an individual is obligated to view himself as if he went out of Egypt.” This interpretation underscores the concept that yitziat Mitzraim (the Exodus from Egypt) is not some long ago historical event; rather, it is a constitutive element of our people’s identity that we are obligated to re-experience during the Passover Seder each and every year.
 
So much emphasis has been placed upon our verse’s interpretation in the Talmud that its direct meaning has been nearly lost. Yet, we must ever remember Chazal’s (our Sages of blessed memory) statement: Ain hamikra yotzai m’yidei peshuto − the simple and direct understanding of the Torah text must never be ignored. This mode of analysis was championed by the Rashbam (Rabbi Shmuel ben Meir, 1080-1158), who analyzes our pasuk in the following manner:
​
“...it is because of this” Hashem performed miracles for me in Egypt. Therefore, I am performing this sacrificial service. So, too, do we find in the case of the verse: “This is the day that Hashem created for me for I was on the highest of heights, let us rejoice and let us celebrate.” (The latter quote is based upon Sefer Tehillim 118:24, with the Rashbam’s interpolations in bold, translation my own).
 
The Rashbam strongly emphasizes the terms “for me” and “I,” and urges us to focus upon the personal salvation experienced during yitziat Mitzraim, that helped forge a powerful relationship between the Almighty and every member of the Jewish people. As the celebrated verse in the Shirah (Song upon Crossing the Sea of Reeds) proclaims, “…this is my G-d and I will extol Him, the G-d of my fathers and I will raise Him up.” (Sefer Shemot 15:2, translation my own) 
 
The closeness of our relationship with the Master of the Universe is underscored by Dovid HaMelech (King David) in Sefer Tehillim. These verses reflect his passionate belief in Hashem’s nearness to us:
 
You are near, O L-rd, and all Your commandments are true. (119:151)
 
The L-rd is near to the broken-hearted, and He saves those of crushed spirit. (34:19)
 
Truly, His salvation is near those who fear Him, so that His glory dwells in our land. (85:10)
 
The L-rd is near to all who call Him, to all who call Him with sincerity. (145:18)
(Translation, The Judaica Press Complete Tanach)
 
A careful reading of these pasukim reveals a fascinating pattern. 119:151 teaches us about G-d’s status; He is, by definition, “near.” This is somewhat parallel to 34:19 wherein, simply because a Jew is broken-hearted, Hashem is close to him or her. This, too, is a matter of status. In contrast, 85:10 and 145:18 clearly indicate that Hashem’s nearness is partially contingent upon our behaviors toward Him. This raises a simple and direct question: “If it is Hashem’s nature, so to speak, to be close to mankind, why are our actions of any import whatsoever in this regard?”
 
My rebbi and mentor, Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik zatzal (1903-1993), known as “the Rav” by his students and followers, poses a similar type of question in his analysis of Friday night Kiddush. He asks: “If Shabbat is sanctified since the very moment of Creation, why is it necessary for us to say the words of the Kiddush? What can we possibly add to that which G-d has already sanctified?” The Rav explains that although the essential kedushah (holiness) of Shabbat is a constant and endures eternally, when we recite Kiddush, we bear testimony to Hashem as the Creator of the Universe, and thereby join Him as partners in the act of Creation - shutfim b'ma’aseh Bereishit. As such, our words spoken during Kiddush add to the holiness of Shabbat, and raise it to an entirely new level of kedushah.
 
I believe that the reasoning inherent in Rav Soloveitchik’s analysis of Kiddush provides us with an answer to our earlier question, “If it is Hashem’s nature to be close to mankind, why are our actions of any import whatsoever in this regard?” It is true that, by definition, Hashem is close to us. Yet, when we call upon Him in heartfelt sincerity, we reinforce our relationship with Him, just as Ya’akov Avinu (our Father, Jacob) did when he declared, “Mah nora hamakom hazeh” (“How awe-inspiring is this place,” Sefer Bereishit 28:17). Moreover, when we recognize Hashem’s awesome nature, our personal relationship with Him achieves new and more profound levels of meaning.
 
With Hashem’s help, may we ever strive to call upon Him in sincerity and awe. Then may we be zocheh (merit) to grow in our closeness to Him, so that we may each proclaim, “…this is my G-d and I will extol Him, the G-d of my fathers and I will raise Him up.” (Sefer Shemot 15:2, translation my own) V’chane yihi ratzon.
 
Shabbat Shalom
 
Past drashot may be found at my blog-website: http://reparashathashavuah.org
 
They may also be found on http://www.yutorah.org/ using the search criteria of Etengoff and the parasha’s name.
 
The email list, b’chasdei Hashem, has expanded to hundreds of people. I am always happy to add more members to the list. If you have family or friends you would like to have added, please do not hesitate to contact me via email mailto:rdbe718@gmail.com.
 
*** My audio shiurim for Women on the topics of Tefilah and Tanach may be found at: http://tinyurl.com/8hsdpyd
 
*** I have posted 164 of Rabbi Soloveitchik’s English language audio shiurim (MP3 format) spanning the years 1958-1984. Please click on the highlighted link.

 
Rabbi David Etengoff
 
Dedicated to the sacred memories of my mother, Miriam Tovah bat Aharon Hakohen, father-in-law, Levi ben Yitzhak, sister-in-law, Ruchama Rivka Sondra bat Yechiel, sister, Shulamit bat Menachem, Yehonatan Binyamin ben Mordechai Meir Halevi, Shoshana Elka bat Avraham, the Kedoshim of Har Nof and Pittsburgh, and the refuah shlaimah of Yakir Ephraim ben Rachel Devorah, Mordechai ben Miriam Tovah, and the safety of our brothers and sisters in Israel and around the world.
 
Our parasha contains four celebrated words spoken by the Almighty that refer to our nation’s imminent salvation from the inhuman servitude of Egypt: V’hotzati (and I will take you out), v’hitzalti (and I will save you), v’ga’alti (and I will redeem you), and v’lakachti (and I will take you, see Sefer Shemot 6:6-7)  Based upon Talmud Bavli, Pesachim 99b, Rashi, Rashbam and Tosafot, among many others, describe these words as the “four expressions of redemption.” The earliest examination of our terms that I was able to discover, however, is the Talmud Yerushalmi, Pesachim (10:1):

What is the derivation of the obligation to drink the four cups of wine at the Seder on the night of Passover? Rabbi Yochanan in the name of Rabbi Banayah said: “They correspond to the four redemptions: “Therefore, say to the children of Israel, ‘I am the L-rd, and I will take you out (v’hotzati)… And I will take you (v’lakachti) to Me as a people… v’hotzati, v’hitzalti, v’ga’alti, v’lakachti.’” (Translation and emphasis my own)
 
Fascinatingly, instead of describing four expressions of redemption (arba’ah leshonot geulah), as found in the above-mentioned commentators, we find that the Talmud Yerushalmi utilizes the nomenclature of “four redemptions” (arba’ah geulot) to describe our four well-known Torah terms. This represents far more than a mere difference in language.
 
Rabbi Baruch Halevi Epstein (1860-1941), in his Torah commentary entitled, Torah Temimah, drew attention to the Talmud Yerushalmi’s text of “four redemptions” and championed its authenticity over that of the phrase “four expressions of redemption:”

…And in all the halachic decisors (poskim), commentators, and homiletically based works that bring this homily, [we find] that it is stated as “corresponding to the four expressions of redemption.” You must see, [ however,] that the Yerushalmi that we have quoted is missing the word “leshonot” (“expressions”), and instead reads, “corresponding to four redemptions.” According to my opinion, this text is exceedingly correct. (This, and all following translations of the Torah Temimah, my own)
 
Rav Epstein supports the textual authenticity of the Talmud Yerushalmi in the following manner:

If one were to explain the phrase “four expressions of redemption” in its clear and simple meaning, there would be no reason whatsoever to establish four corresponding cups of thanks [at the Seder]. This is the case, since the concept of the Redemption is but one [concept] and not four. Therefore, it does not matter whether one employs four or 14 expressions [of redemption since they all reference the exact same idea.]
 
In other words, in Rav Epstein’s perception, Chazal (our Sages of blessed memory) would never have had reason to establish four cups of wine at the Seder if there is only one concept of Redemption. One cup, i.e. Kiddush, would have sufficed.
 
As Rav Epstein explicates the Talmud Yerushalmi’s phrase of “four redemptions” (arba’ah geulot), he infuses our understanding of geulat Mitzraim (the Redemption from Egypt) in an entirely new way. Instead of there having been one geulah (Redemption) comprised of four different descriptions (arba’ah leshonot geulah), there were four separate and distinct acts of redemption whose sum total we call geulat Mitzraim:

But if we utilize [the Talmud Yerushalmi’s phrase of] “corresponding to the four redemptions” (“k’neged arba’ah geulot”), the entire matter [of the Four Cups of Wine] is explained very well. This is the case, since if you examine the [passage under discussion] very carefully, you will find that there are four separate and distinct topics in these four words [i.e. v’hotzati, v’hitzalti, v’gaalti, v’lakachti]. Each word, when examined in detail, is revealed as a complete entity unto itself and, thereby, worthy of thanks in its own right.
 
Rav Epstein continues his explanation and suggests the following:

…each subsequent verse adds to the prior one, that is to say: ‘I, Hashem will not only do this for you, but rather I will do this as well. Moreover, not only the aforementioned, but this as well.’ Since this is the case, it is manifestly evident that each and every word [of these four words] contains a different level of Redemption that obligates us to thank our Creator. As a result, [our Sages] instituted the Four Cups of Wine.
 
Rav Epstein’s analysis of each word, in the order spoken by the Almighty, provides valuable additional insights into the Redemption process: “The first level, v’hotzati (I will take you out), means that Hashem took the Jews out from under their burdens, by lessening their work. This does not mean, however, that everyone was now free from their servile labor, or that they were free from all work.” Rav Epstein goes on to explain that in order for this to be the case, Hashem needed to raise them to the second level of the four Redemptions, namely, v’hitzalti (I will save you): “Therefore [Hashem] added the next level of Redemption and said: ‘and I will save you from your labor.’ This means that they did no more work [for Pharaoh] at all.”  Nonetheless, after the first two levels of Redemption had been achieved, they were still slaves to Pharaoh − even if they no longer worked for him. Therefore, Rav Epstein states, the third level of Redemption, v’ga’alti (I will redeem you) became a necessity: “Even after all of the lessening of their burdens, they were still Pharaoh’s slaves and their Redemption was incomplete. Therefore, [a new level of redemption] was added and Hashem said: ‘I will redeem you.’”
 
Why, then, was a fourth and final level of Redemption necessary? After all, our ancestors were now free from slavery. They finally controlled their own time and affairs. What was added by the phrase: “v’lakachti li l’am?” (“And I will take you to Me as a people”)?  According to Rav Epstein: “Even with the first three levels of Redemption, they [our forebears] were still not a defined nation and the unique portion of Hakodesh Baruch Hu. Therefore, Hashem added the fourth and final level of Redemption: “And I will take you to Me as a people, and I will be a G-d to you.” Thus, with the fourth level of Redemption, we became Hashem’s unique nation, as expressed in the words we spoke at our finest hour, “Na’aseh v’nishmah,” (“We will do and we will then understand”), when we received the holy Torah at Mount Sinai.
 
Once again, just as we have always done, we beseech Hashem to perform wonders and miracles, and bring Mashiach soon and in our time. Then may we witness the complete fulfillment of the ultimate Redemption: “And the L-rd shall become King over all the earth; on that day shall the L-rd be one, and His name one.” (Sefer Zechariah 14:9) V’chane yihi ratzon.
 
Shabbat Shalom
 
Past drashot may be found at my blog-website: http://reparashathashavuah.org
 
They may also be found on http://www.yutorah.org/ using the search criteria of Etengoff and the parasha’s name.
 
The email list, b’chasdei Hashem, has expanded to hundreds of people. I am always happy to add more members to the list. If you have family or friends you would like to have added, please do not hesitate to contact me via email mailto:rdbe718@gmail.com.
 
*** My audio shiurim for Women on the topics of Tefilah and Tanach may be found at: http://tinyurl.com/8hsdpyd
 
*** I have posted 164 of Rabbi Soloveitchik’s English language audio shiurim (MP3 format) spanning the years 1958-1984. Please click on the highlighted link.

 
Rabbi David Etengoff
 
Dedicated to the sacred memories of my mother, Miriam Tovah bat Aharon Hakohen, father-in-law, Levi ben Yitzhak, sister-in-law, Ruchama Rivka Sondra bat Yechiel, sister, Shulamit bat Menachem, Yehonatan Binyamin ben Mordechai Meir Halevi, Shoshana Elka bat Avraham, the Kedoshim of Har Nof and Pittsburgh, and the refuah shlaimah of Yakir Ephraim ben Rachel Devorah, Mordechai ben Miriam Tovah, and the safety of our brothers and sisters in Israel and around the world.
 
According to a celebrated Midrash, shortly after the creation of Adam, he was given the job of naming the flora and fauna of the world. Why was he given this task? Why did Hashem simply not show Adam a “catalog” of the plant and animal kingdoms and tell him, when he saw this or that plant or animal, “this is the name by which it is to be called.” Why, instead, was Adam the active party in this naming convention?
 
Perhaps we can indirectly answer this question by noting Rabbi Eleazar’s famous dictum in Talmud Bavli, Berachot 7b in reference to the name of a person:

How do we know that the name [of a person] has an effect [upon his life]?  R. Eleazar said: Scripture says, “Come, behold the works of the L-rd, who has made desolations in the earth.” Read not shammot (desolations), but shemot (names). (Translation, Soncino Talmud, with my emendations for readability)
 
A name, therefore, is a crucial aspect, even a constitutive element, of the person or thing it denotes. If this is the case, we can now understand why Adam was given the task of naming the plants and animals of Creation. By doing so, he became a shutaf im Hakadosh Baruch Hu b’ma’aseh Bereishit (a partner with G-d in the Creation of the Universe).
 
If the names of plants and animals are so singularly important, all the more so are the names of the Creator. Unlike the rest of Creation, however, man did not name G-d; rather, the Almighty, so to speak, named Himself. This is very logical, since the giving of a name suggests a certain amount of control over that which has been named, which would be absurd in the context of the G-d-Man relationship − as G-d is wholly other.
 
The name “Hashem” appears 47 times in Sefer Bereishit, and a number of these instances take place in the context of the Holy One’s direct communication with the Avot (Patriarchs). Fast forwarding to our parasha, Moshe asks the Almighty, “What should I tell b’nai Yisrael when they ask: ‘What is His name?’” While providing an immediate answer to Moshe’s question, it seems that the Almighty’s response simultaneously presents us with a serious exegetical challenge: “So shall you say to the children of Israel, ‘The L-rd G-d (Hashem) of your forefathers, the G-d of Abraham, the G-d of Isaac, and the G-d of Jacob, has sent me to you. This is My name forever, and this is how I should be mentioned in every generation.’” (Sefer Shemot 3:13 and 15)  This appears to contradict an early verse in Parashat Vaera: “I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob with [the name] Almighty G-d, but [with] My name Hashem, I did not become known to them.” (Sefer Shemot 6:3)
 
In his Commentary on the Torah on Sefer Shemot 6:3, the great Spanish Torah interpreter, Rabbi Avraham Ibn Ezra (1092 –1167), presents a deeply insightful resolution to our textual challenge. He opines that it was impossible for the Avot to have been unaware of the name “Hashem” per se, since, as we have noted, it is used liberally throughout Sefer Bereishit. The Ibn Ezra explains that the Avot knew this name as the shame etzem (proper name) of Hashem. They did not, however, know Hashem in terms of His actions that had yet to be performed in order to fulfill His promises. The Ibn Ezra calls this the shame toar (descriptive name), and emphasizes this as a newly-revealed aspect of G-d’s name. He goes so far as to suggest that the true purpose inherent in Moshe’s agency was none other than: “… to make this name Hashem known [to mankind].” When viewed in this light, the name “Hashem” clearly carries the connotation of He who fulfills that which He promises; it was this new “persona” that Moshe publicized to the Jewish people, and the entire world.
 
May we be zocheh (merit) to witness Hashem’s kindness and mercy in the fulfillment of His promises to our people, and the arrival of the Mashiach. May this time come soon, and in our days. V’chane yihi ratzon.
 
Shabbat Shalom
 
Past drashot may be found at my blog-website: http://reparashathashavuah.org
 
They may also be found on http://www.yutorah.org/ using the search criteria of Etengoff and the parasha’s name.
 
The email list, b’chasdei Hashem, has expanded to hundreds of people. I am always happy to add more members to the list. If you have family or friends you would like to have added, please do not hesitate to contact me via email mailto:rdbe718@gmail.com.
 
*** My audio shiurim for Women on the topics of Tefilah and Tanach may be found at: http://tinyurl.com/8hsdpyd
 
*** I have posted 164 of Rabbi Soloveitchik’s English language audio shiurim (MP3 format) spanning the years 1958-1984. Please click on the highlighted link.

 
Rabbi David Etengoff
 
Dedicated to the sacred memories of my mother, Miriam Tovah bat Aharon Hakohen, father-in-law, Levi ben Yitzhak, sister-in-law, Ruchama Rivka Sondra bat Yechiel, sister, Shulamit bat Menachem, Yehonatan Binyamin ben Mordechai Meir Halevi, Shoshana Elka bat Avraham, the Kedoshim of Har Nof and Pittsburgh, and the refuah shlaimah of Yakir Ephraim ben Rachel Devorah, Mordechai ben Miriam Tovah, and the safety of our brothers and sisters in Israel and around the world.
 
The concluding pasukim (verses) of our parasha present Yosef’s final words to his brothers. They contain both a reminder of Hashem’s promise to ultimately redeem the Jewish people from Egypt, and Yosef’s poignant personal request:

Joseph said to his brothers, “I am going to die; G-d will surely remember you and take you up out of this land to the land that He swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob.” And Joseph adjured the children of Israel, saying, “G-d will surely remember you, and you shall take up my bones out of here.” (This and all Bible and Rashi translations, The Judaica Press Complete Tanach)
 
Herein, Yosef reveals the depth of his abiding faith in Hashem and twice declares,
“G-d will surely remember you.” Within this context, he placed an oath (shavuah) upon his brothers and their descendants to transport his bones with them in the course of the promised Redemption and bury him in Israel. In so doing, he emulated his father, Ya’akov Avinu (our Patriarch Ya’akov), who had insisted Yosef take a shavuah stating that he would not bury Ya’akov in Egypt, but rather with his forebears in Israel. (Sefer Bereishit 47: 29-31)  A straightforward reading of our passage indicates that the obligation to transport Yosef’s bones from Egypt and bury him in Israel was delegated to the entire Jewish people.
 
When the Exodus takes place, Sefer Shemot 13:19 tells us that Moshe, as the representative of the entire Jewish people, gathered up Yosef’s remains and began the long process of reinterring him in Israel: “Moses took Joseph’s bones with him, for he [Joseph] had adjured the sons of Israel, saying, ‘G-d will surely remember you, and you shall bring up my bones from here with you.’” The first chapter of Mishnah Sotah (7 and 9) utilizes this to teach us a crucial lesson about how our present behaviors determine the way we will be treated by Hashem and our fellow man in the future:

According to the manner in which a person acts, others [G-d and man] will act toward him… This [general rule] is in effect when it comes to matters of a positive nature as well…Yosef merited the right to bury his father [Ya’akov], and there was no one among his brothers who was greater than he. As the Torah states: “So Joseph went up to bury his father…And chariots and horsemen also went up with him, and the camp was very numerous.” (Sefer Bereishit 50: 7, 9).
 
Our passage continues and informs us that Yosef was worthy of the greatest possible respect and, therefore, it was only fitting that the most prestigious person alive at the time of the Exodus should be involved in his burial in the Land of Israel:

Whom do we have that deserved to be buried with greater respect than Yosef? Therefore, the only one who could possibly render him the proper respect was Moshe. Moshe merited the right to bury Yosef, and there was no one among his brothers who was greater than he. As the Torah states: “Moses took Joseph’s bones with him.” (Mishnah translation my own) 
 
The operating principle in the above-cited Mishnaic passage is the well-known concept of middah k’neged middah − according to the manner in which a person acts, G-d and man will act toward him. What is the standard of behavior that should guide us? We are fortunate that the Torah provides us with a clear and direct answer to this question: “V’halachta b’drachov” (“And you should walk in His path,” Sefer Devarim 28:9). This commandment is explicated in a celebrated passage in Talmud Bavli, Sotah 14a:

Just as Hashem clothed the naked [in the case of Adam and Chava] … so, too, should you clothe the naked. Just as Hashem visited the sick [in the case of Avraham after his brit milah] …so, too, should you visit the sick. Just as the Holy One Blessed be He comforted the mourners [in the case of Yitzhak after Avraham’s passing] …so, too, should you comfort the mourners. Just as the Holy One Blessed be He buried the dead [in the case of Moshe] …so, too, should you bury the dead. (Translation, my own)
 
Stated quite simply, our goal is to emulate the Almighty’s actions in each of our deeds.
 
As my rebbi and mentor Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik (1903-1993) noted on many occasions, halachta b’drachov emerges as the fundamental underpinning of Judaism’s ethical structure. By emulating the actions of the Holy One blessed be He, we create substantive changes in ourselves, and positively impact those with whom we interact. In this sense, we become partners with Hashem in creating the world − shutfim im Hashem b’ma’aseh Bereishit.
 
With Hashem’s help, may we be zocheh (merit) to fulfill the mitzvah of halachta b’drachov in its most profound sense. Then may we may become shutfim im Hashem b’ma’aseh Bereishit, to make the world a better and nobler place, and, may the middah k’neged middah we receive be replete with zechuyot (merits). V’chane yihi ratzon.
 
Shabbat Shalom
 
Past drashot may be found at my blog-website: http://reparashathashavuah.org
 
They may also be found on http://www.yutorah.org/ using the search criteria of Etengoff and the parasha’s name.
 
The email list, b’chasdei Hashem, has expanded to hundreds of people. I am always happy to add more members to the list. If you have family or friends you would like to have added, please do not hesitate to contact me via email mailto:rdbe718@gmail.com.
 
*** My audio shiurim for Women on the topics of Tefilah and Tanach may be found at: http://tinyurl.com/8hsdpyd
 
*** I have posted 164 of Rabbi Soloveitchik’s English language audio shiurim (MP3 format) spanning the years 1958-1984. Please click on the highlighted link.