Parashat Vaera 5786, 2026: "Pharaoh and Barad"

Rabbi David Etengoff
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ה' יעזור וירחם על אחינו כל בני ישראל בארץ ישראל ובכל חלקי הארץ
 
The Passover Haggadah lists the makkot in order of their appearance in Sefer Shemot: “These are the Ten Plagues that the Holy One, blessed be He, brought upon the Egyptians in Egypt: blood, frogs, lice, wild beasts, pestilence, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, slaying of the first born.” (Translation, http://www.aish.com/h/pes/h/Ten_Plagues.html) The first seven appear in our parasha, whereas the final three are found in Parashat Bo. The Torah teaches us that the overarching purpose of the makkot was in order that “… the Egyptians shall know that I am Hashem when I stretch forth My hand over Egypt, and I will take the children of Israel out of their midst…” (Sefer Shemot 7:5, this and all Bible translations, The Judaica Press Complete Tanach)
 
Fascinatingly, while each plague profoundly affected every aspect of Egyptian society, only barad elicited the following statement from Pharaoh: “I have sinned this time (chatati hapa’am). Hashem is the righteous One (Hashem hatzadik), and I and my people are the guilty ones.’” (9:27) Pharaoh’s words contain three separate ideas: The recognition of his personal sin, the acknowledgment of Hashem’s righteousness, and the assertion of his and the Egyptian people’s guilt for having acted cruelly toward us.
 
Why did Pharaoh make this proclamation solely regarding this plague? Midrash Tanchuma Buber provides us with the following insight:

[Let us learn the reason for Pharaoh’s behavior based upon the manner in which most people would act:] If someone desires to go to war against his fellow man, and be victorious against him, he attacks him in an unexpected [and stealthy manner]. He then kills him and takes every possession that his enemy has. Yet, the Holy One blessed be He acted in an entirely different manner toward Pharaoh and proclaimed to him: “And now, send, gather in your livestock and all that you have in the field, any man or beast that is found in the field and not brought into the house the hail shall fall on them, and they will die.” (9:19) [It was precisely as a result of Hashem’s warning that Pharaoh,] following his experience of the [forewarned] barad, exclaimed, “Hashem is the righteous One.” (Parashat Vaera 20, translation and brackets my own)
 
According to this passage, Pharaoh was completely overwhelmed by Hashem’s merciful warning regarding the mortal danger that barad would entail. Nonetheless, because of his unlimited arrogance, he ignored Hashem’s adjuration, and his people suffered untold death and destruction. When he finally recognized the dire consequences of his behavior, Pharaoh had little choice but to proclaim, “Hashem is the righteous One.”
 
The Kli Yakar (Rabbi Shlomo Ephraim ben Aaron Luntschitz, 1550-1619) takes a different approach regarding the underlying reason for makkat barad, focusing upon the question, “Why was this plague so pivotal to the Almighty’s plan?” He stresses that it was accompanied by thunder: “… Hashem gave forth thunder and hail …” (9:23), which played a crucial role in Pharaoh’s recognition of the Master of the Universe:

The makkat barad and the thunder came upon Pharaoh based upon his refusal to listen to Hashem’s voice with the proper majesty (“b’hadar”) to which it was due. Therefore, Hashem forced him to hear thunder that was both awe-inspiring and frightening in nature. As a result, here, and here alone, he confessed to his sin and declared, “Hashem is the righteous One, and I and my people are the guilty ones,” since [until this point,] he had denied Hashem’s existence and verbally proclaimed His non-existence. As such, Pharaoh sinned through his voice and spoke lashon hara [pejoratively] about his Creator. Consequently, he was punished through the sound of thunder…[Once, however, Pharaoh confessed his sin, Moshe declared,] “The thunder will cease, and there will be no more hail, in order that you know that the land is Hashem’s.” (9:29, translation, brackets and underlining my own)
 
The Kli Yakar depicts a scenario in which Pharaoh needed to be reminded of the Holy One’s existence and His ultimate majesty and power. This stands in stark contrast to one of the most stirring episodes in the early history of our people, namely Birkat Ya’akov. The first two pasukim of this section are written in the plural and serve as an introduction to everything that follows: “Ya’akov called for his sons and said, ‘Gather and I will tell you what will happen to you at the end of days. Gather and listen, sons of Ya’akov, and listen to Yisrael, your father.’” (Sefer Bereishit 49:1-2) The great third-century Palestinian Talmud scholar, Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish, suggests this verse is teaching us that Ya’akov was about to foretell the future of the 12 Tribes, the Jewish people, and, by extension, the time of the Mashiach:
 
R. Simeon b. Lakish said: ‘And Ya’akov called unto his sons, and said: Gather yourselves together, that I may tell you.’ Ya’akov wished to reveal to his sons the ‘end of the days,’ whereupon the Shechinah [the Divine Presence] departed from him.” (Talmud Bavli, Pesachim 56a, translation, with my emendations, The Soncino Talmud)
 
Ya’akov initially assumed that the Shechinah had abandoned him due to some fundamental flaw in one of his children. As Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish so beautifully explains:
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Said he, “Perhaps, Heaven forefend! there is one unfit among my children, like Avraham, from whom there issued Yishmael, or like my father Yitzchak, from whom there issued Esav.” [But] his sons answered him, “Hear O Israel, Hashem is our God Hashem is One.” Just as there is only One in your heart, so is there only One in our hearts.
 
Ya’akov was so reassured by his sons’ outpouring of faith and loyalty to Hashem that he joyously declared: “Baruch shame kavode malchuto l’olam vo’ed,” a practice we continue until today when we recite the Shema.
 
May we ever choose the path of Ya’akov and his sons and embrace the Oneness of Hashem and the eternity of His Kingdom. Moreover, may our fervent tefilot help bring the Mashiach soon and in our days. V’chane yihi ratzon.
 
Shabbat Shalom
 
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